5 february 2025

From Expat Kids to Local Learners: The Evolution and Key Factors of International Schools for Chinese Families

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In the 1970s, as New China was founded and reforms were implemented, the presence of foreign embassies, consulates, and expatriates in China increased, bringing their children who required education. This need led to the establishment of China’s first international schools, which initially provided native language education for expatriate students. Over time, these schools evolved to primarily serve domestic students.

Typically, Chinese students progress from local schools during compulsory education to high schools in counties or cities, and then to higher education institutions in urban areas or other provinces. They follow a curriculum set by the Ministry of Education, including subjects like Chinese, math, English, and political science.

As studying abroad became more popular, the number of students going overseas surged from 860 in 1978 to 662,000 by 2018, with an increasing trend of younger students. As reforms continued, many parents preferred their children receive advanced international education within China rather than abroad, which spurred the growth of international schools across the country.

Definition of International Schools

International schools are distinguished by their use of international curricula. They can be broadly classified into three types:

 1. Narrow Definition: Schools specifically designed for expatriate children in China, offering education in their native languages.

 

2. Broad Definition: Schools within China that provide full or partial international curricula, serving both Chinese and foreign students.

 

3. Types of International Schools:

    • Expatriate Schools: Dedicated to the children of foreign nationals.
    • International Departments/Classes in Public Schools: Public schools with specialized international programs.
    • Private International Schools: The most common type of international school in China today.

 

The primary difference between international schools and other schools is their curriculum. International schools offer international courses, while non-international schools adhere to domestic curriculum standards.

Parents’ Perspective on International Schools

Parents often view international schools as a stepping stone to studying abroad, with many preferring their children start attending high school. Surveys by Yuanbo Education and iResearch show that parents generally believe the best path is for children to begin international school in 10th grade (equivalent to domestic high school), study abroad for their undergraduate degree, and complete their master’s degree overseas. Specifically, 30.7% of parents feel that starting in high school is ideal, while 19.6% prefer starting in middle school. Additionally, 15.6% and 11.6% of parents believe beginning in elementary school or kindergarten respectively would provide early exposure to international education, preparing their children for future international high school or study abroad opportunities. This data also highlights a growing trend of parents planning their children’s educational journey early, opting for international schools during foundational education to prepare for studying abroad, reflecting a trend toward younger ages in international education.

Key Elements in International School Operations

International schools operate based on several critical factors, including faculty quality, curriculum, student advancement, facilities, and cultural environment. Among these, teaching quality is the most crucial element, and it is significantly influenced by faculty expertise, curriculum design, and school management.

Brand Reputation is an invaluable intangible asset for international schools, shaped by students’ academic outcomes and future growth. This reputation is affected by several factors, including the quality of student enrollment, teaching standards, international collaborations, and the holistic development of students. The effectiveness of educational mechanisms is complex and often opaque, with interconnected factors influencing each other. For instance, the quality of faculty directly impacts the school’s reputation, while a strong reputation can, in turn, attract better faculty.

 

Key Factors Influencing Teaching Quality include:

  • Faculty: Skilled and qualified teachers are essential for delivering high-quality education.
  • Curriculum: A diverse and well-structured curriculum is crucial for comprehensive learning.
  • Management: Effective school administration is vital for supporting and maintaining overall teaching quality.

Overall, these elements work together to ensure a successful and well-regarded international school.

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